Art Movements 1900-Present Day

Surrealism 1924-1966

Surrealism is an art movement which came around, the movement was completely against realism and literal realism, people who were involved in the surrealism movement believed that rational thinking suppressed and stopped imagination which is why a movement where art wasn’t so literal and the viewer had to look past the original image to what it was actually saying was created. because before this art predominantly had reasoning and logic behind it and this movement was one of the first to do something which involved the viewer using there imagination and really thinking about the image in front of them it became very popular and has inspired many art forms and artists in the present day. Some key artists who were involved in this art movement were artists such as Salvador Dali, Andre Brenton and Andre Masson. A major influence to this movement was a philosopher called Karl Marx who said "Reason has always excited, but not always in a reasonable form".

Salvador Dali
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Salvador Dali was a Spanish painter born in 1904, he is most famous for his work in surrealism, but is also very well-known across the whole of art, a piece of work which his is very well known for and recognised by and is one of the most popular pieces of art to do with Surrealism is a piece of work called Persistence of Memory (seen above) that was painted in 1931, this painting main focus is three melting clocks against a landscape background. Some of his inspirations are artists such as Pablo Picasso and Joan Miro

Andre Brenton
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Andre Brenton was born on the 18th of February, 1896, he work as many different things such as a philosopher, Artist, Poet, Publisher and a journalist, he is most well-known for his as a writer and a poet and his art work and literature in the surrealist movement, he is most famous for writing two surrealist manifesto, which encouraged and helped people to express their feelings freely. He was influenced by avant-garde poet Tristan Tzara, French poet Guillaume Apollinaire and more.

Social Realism 1929-1950's

Social Realism isn’t just an art movement it is also a political movement, it was most popular during the 1920's and the 1930's, at this time there was a lot of economic depression and high racial conflict. It was introduced to show real life images and situations, mainly focusing on "masses" which was a term for lower and working class. Photographers and artists who were involved with this movement saw their photos and art as a weapon which they could use to take down and fight capitalism and the capitalist exploitation of the working class. some of the key figures and important artists who were involved in social realism are Jacob Lawrence, Ben Shahn and William Gropper, A lot of artist which were involved in social realism were artists from the Ashcan School which was an art movement from the U.S that was well known for their photos showing daily life in New York, because there main focus was also showing realism and was a lot of the same artists it influence social realism.

Jacob Lawrence
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Jacob was an artist born in Atlantic City but raised in New York; he was an artist who is very well known when it comes to the social realism movement. He is an artist most well-known for works such as his Migration series and his War series, when it comes to social realism he is most famous for his work showing his experiences as an African-American. In an interview he said he has been influenced by a lot of Mexican artists such as Jose Clemente Orozco, Diego Rivera and David Alfaro Siqueiros, this would explain the similar illustrations and the use of colours.

Ben Shahn
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Ben Shahn is a Lithuanian photographer and artist, born in Lithuania in 1896 he moved to New York in 1908, where he attended New York University and the Nation academy of design, he became involved in the social realism movement in 1920. While being known as an artist for his paintings of his local areas of the Bronx and New York he later became more focused on photography where he focused on rural areas and the people who lived in them. He is most influenced by another photographer who was involved in social realism and that is a photographer called Walker Evans. In social realism a lot of the artwork, apart from the photography which is black and white, includes a lot of bright, powerful, contrasting colours; this is partly because a lot of the artists famously involved in the social realism movement were involved in the Ashcan school movement.

Abstract Expressionism 1943-1965

Abstract Expression is an art movement which became famous during the 1940's and 1950's. Abstract Expressionism is the includes paintings from artists which involve a lot of different colours, shapes and forms, though these colours, shapes and forms the artist who produce these also spill their feelings and emotions onto the page. a lot of the work which was involved in Abstract Expressionism was influenced by the surreal moment but modified to fit the post war era, showing anxiety, fear and trauma, another thing which influenced the Abstract Expressionism movement was the era's left-wing political views. The art which was produced wasn't just paintings and illustrations there was also photography, some of the most famous artists who were produced these pieces are Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning, Aaron Siskind and Clyfford Still.

Jackson Pollock
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Jackson Pollock was born on January 28, 1912 and is one of the most famous painters not only in the movement of Abstract expressionism but in the whole of the art world, although he is most famous for his work in Abstract expressionism involving paint multiple splattered on a canvas. Because Jackson Pollock painted like this and showed his emotions in this style meant he was one of the first inventors of Abstract expressionism as this style had never been full done before. Aside from being influenced by famous artists like Pablo Picasso, Jackson Pollock was inspired by his mentor Thomas Hart Benton.

Aaron Siskind
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Aaron Siskind was a photographer born in New York in 1903, he started off as a documentary photography and is most well-known for his book called Harlem document which he published in 1981, later on he produced photographs which corresponded with the Abstract expressionism movement, these photos would focus on close ups containing things like textures, patterns and lines. Although Abstract expressionism came around to show how people were feeling after the war, Aaron Siskind moved away from it and focused on things he was interested in and things that were around him. He was influenced by fellow Abstract expressionists such as Willem De Kooning and Fredrick Sommer; he was also influenced but co-founder of Group F/64 Edward Weston.

Pop Art mid 1950's-early 1970's

Pop Art is an art movement that was invented in the mid 1950's but is most associated with the artists of the early 1960's, artists such as Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, Jasper Jones and Robert Rauschenberg. Pop Arts main focus was to create a smaller divide between High Art and Low Art, it did this by not focusing on things that were traditionally focused on in art such as royalty, mythology and things like that instead it focused on things which were common things and people, things that were involved in peoples everyday life. Because Pop Art has been used in many different magazines and has been used as a very popular way to advertise, it is one of the most recognizable and common art forms. its style is very big, bold, bright and colourful, which is one of the main reasons it been used in advertisements so much, Pop Art also use a lot of colours which contrast and stand out against each other this along with its very distinctive look makes it very recognizable and useful for advertising.

Andy Warhol
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Andy Warhol was born on August 6th, 1928 in Pennsylvania, he was well known for his work as a magazine ad illustrator, his most famous piece of work and a piece of work which is famously connected with Pop Art is "Campbell’s Soup Cans" which he painted in 1962. Like with all Pop Art Andy Warhol uses a variety of colours which are bold, bright and very noticeable. He was influenced by many different artists who were also involved in the movement, artists such as Jasper John and Robert Rauschenberg, also a big inspiration outside of the movement was an artist called Jean-Michel Basquiat. He is known as one of the leading figures in the Pop Art movement, once the Pop Art Movement was well known Andy Warhol moved onto different art form such as performance art and film making. 

Roy Lichtenstein

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Roy Lichtenstein was an artist born in New York in 1923, along with Andy Warhol he is one of the first people to be involved in Pop Art and became one of the most famous people and well known people when it came to the movement. Some of his most well-known and recognised pieces of art work are Whaaam!, Drowing Girl, Blam and Hopeless. A lot of his work is inspired from comic book strips, which is very blatant when looking at his work, because of this he was accused of things like lack of originality and was even accused of copying.

Conceptual Art 1960's-mid 1970's

Conceptual art focuses on the idea or concept rather than the object itself. it was formed in the 1960’s as a revolt against traditional art and the aesthetic values of formalism in which colour, line and shape are primary qualities. They were opposed to the consumer side of art. Conceptual artists challenged and aimed to make the viewers think. Material value was kept to an absolute minimum to emphasize concept. It incorporated text, photography and video as well as other contemporary media, consistently taking inspiration from the real world. some of the key figures in this movement were artists such as Joseph Kosuth, Robert Smithson, Lawrence Weiner and Joseph Beuys.

Joseph Kosuth

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Joseph Kosuth is an artist who was born in Ohio, United States in 1945, he is known as one of the first artist to be involved in the conceptual movement, he is most recognised for a piece of work called one and three chairs which was created in 1965, which was a very good example of conceptual art, it involved a wooden chair, a photograph of the wooden chair and a square with the dictionary's definition of a chair. He was inspired and influenced by many other conceptual artists such as Barbra Kruger, Damien Hirst and Nam June Paik.

Lawrence Weiner
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Lawrence Weiner was born in the Bronx, New York in 1942, he went on to be one of the most recognised artists in the conceptual movement, he is most well-known and famous for such art pieces as Taken Front the Wind, Wvave After Wave, To See and Be Seen and many more, a lot of his conceptual art pieces mainly focused on text but would include a twist rather than just having a sentence wrote out. 

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